Tuesday, January 24, 2012

robert burns day

Scotch spirit not only warms, it burns


by

Howard Richler

January 25th marks Robert Burns Day and will be commemorated by Scots world-wide (and Scot wannabes) whether they are enjoying a hearty McEwan’s ale or a McCallum single-malt scotch and,alas, even if they are stone-sober. Robert was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, on January 25, 1759 to William Burness, a poor tenant farmer, and Agnes Broun. He was the eldest of seven and spent his youth working his father's farm but in spite of the family’s meager means, William Burness engaged a tutor for his precocious son Robert At 15, Robert was the principal worker on the farm and this prompted him to start writing in an attempt to find “some kind of counterpoise for his circumstances.” It was at this tender age that Burns penned his first verse, “My Handsome Nell” which was an ode to the muses of his life, namely whisky and women.

When his father died in 1784, Robert and a brother became partners in the farm. Robert, however, was more fascinated by the poem than the plow and after having fathered several illegitimate children, he planned to forsake Scotland and abscond to a Caribbean island. Serendipitously for Scotland, his first collection of verse “Poems-Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect” was published at this juncture and received much critical acclaim. He thus remained in his homeland, touring the country before eventually arriving in Edinburgh, where he mingled with the illustrious artists and writers who were agog at the “Ploughman Poet.”

By Burns’ lifetime the ancient Celtic language of the Scots had been reduced to a mere dialect and Burns took it upon himself to resurrect Scots to its halcyon level of yesteryear. Many of Burns’ finest poems are composed, at least partially, in Scots and he thus helped re-validate the ancient tongue of his forefathers.

The last years of Burns' life were devoted to penning some poems such as A Red, Red Rose, Sweet Afton and Tam O'Shanter. He died when only thirty seven, of a heart disease perhaps exacerbated by the arduous manual work he undertook when he was young. Here are some of the opening stanzas from Burns’ masterpiece Tam O’Shanter (with translation notes for Scots and archaic English ):
When chapman billies (peddler fellows) leave the street,
And
drouthy (thirsty) neebors meet;
As market-days are wearing late,
An folk begin to tak the gate;

While we sit bousing (boozing) at the nappy (strong ale),
An getting
fou (full-drunk) and unco (very) happy,
We think na on the
lang (long) Scots miles,
The mosses, waters,
slaps (gates), and styles,
That lie between us and our
hame (home),
Whare sits our sulky, sullen dame,

Gathering her brows like gathering storm,
Nursing her wrath to keep it warm.
This truth
fand (found) honest Tam o Shanter,
As he
frae (from) Ayr ae (one) night did canter:
Auld Ayr,
wham (whom) ne'er a town surpasses,
For honest men and bonie lasses).

O Tam had'st thou but been sae (so) wise,
As taen (taken) thy ain (own) wife Kate's advice!
She tauld thee
weel (well) thou was a skellum (scamp),
A blethering, blustering, drunken
blellum (babbler);
That
frae November till October, Ae market-day thou was nae sober;
That
ilka (every) melder (amount of grain to be ground) wi the miller,
Thou sat as lang as thou had
siller (silver/money);
That ev'ry
naig (nag/horse) was ca'd (driven) a shoe on,
The smith and thee gat roarin
fou on;
That at the Lord's house, even on Sundav,
Thou drank wi Kirkton Jean till Monday.
She prophesied that, late or soon,
Thou would be found, deep drown'd in Doon,
Or catch'd wi warlocks in the mirk,
By Alloway's auld,haunted
kirk(church).
Ah, gentle dames, it
gars (compels) me greet (weep),
To think how monie (many) counsels sweet,
How monie lengthen'd, sage advices
The husband frae
the wife despises!

Burns’ simple yet eloquently evocative verse, with its celebration of life, speaks to people everywhere. So let’s all raise a glass in honour of Robert Burns.

Personally, though, I’ll forgo the haggis.


hrichler@gmail.com


Thursday, January 12, 2012

words of the year-2011

A slightly shorter version of this article appeared today in the Toronto Star.


And the world of the year for 2011 is...

by

Howard Richler





Since 1990, the American Dialect Society has paid homage to the most sublime, lexiest creations of each year - the new words that grace our lexicon annually. These words have been drawn from a number of varied categories. For example, “ethnic cleansing” was the winner in 1992’s “most outrageous category” and “gate rape” (defined as “pejorative term for invasive new airport pat-down procedures”) reigned supreme in the same category in 2010. “Ebonics” was 1996’s “most controversial” word and “waterboarding” won in the “most euphemistic” category in 2006.





Each year a “word of the year” is chosen and, as one would expect, the worlds of politics and technology have provided us with the dominant neologisms. Some of the sociopolitical selections have been somewhat Americentric, and perhaps as a result, have not exhibited staying power. A case in point is the expression “bushlips,” referencing insincere political rhetoric, which was awarded word of the year in 1990. Similarly, “newt” meaning “aggressive political changes by a neophyte” was this category's co-winner in1995. On the other hand, technological words have not been ephemeral as shown by the following still-used list of words of the year: app (2010), tweet, (2009), Y2K (1999), e-, as in e-mail, (1998). Conclusive evidence of this trend arrived in 2010 when “google” was voted the word of the decade.



On Jan 6th 2012 at the American Dialect Society convention in Portland, Oregon, it was decided that the word of the year for 2011 was “occupy.” The choice fell to this particular word because it was felt that it became an emblem for the whole protest movement. Ben Zimmer, the language columnist of the Boston Globe stated that although “occupy” is “a very old word, over the course of just a few months it took on another life and moved in new and unexpected directions, thanks to a national and global movement ... The movement itself was powered by the word.” However, I do not agree that “occupy” is being used in a new distinct sense. Starting in the 14th century it had a sense of taking possession of something by force. By 1920, the verb was used to mean to gain access to a piece of land or building without authority as a form of protest. For example, the London Times on Sept 9, 1920 stated “The men have occupied the works in those cases where the masters have declined the works at a loss. And if I see another dumb joke on Facebook such as “I'm gonna occupy a beer from the fridge now,” I'm going to seriously unfriend some people.

Before dismissing the Society's 2012 choice for word of the year, I would be remiss if I didn't mention one particularly shocking sense of “occupy” that has fallen from our vernacular. From the 15th century to the beginning of the 19th century, the word “occupy” was used as an euphemism for engaging in sex For example, in John Florio's Worlde of Wordes written in 1598, there is reference to “raskalie whores in Italy, who cause them to be occupide one and thirtie times by one and thirtie several base raskalie companions.”

The other nominees for the 2011 word of the year were FOMO (an acronym for Fear of Missing Out), a description of the angst we feel over the deluge of data we receive on social media; “the 99%,” those regarded to be at a political or economic disadvantage with regards to the top wage-earners, the one percenters; “job creator,” a member of the top 1% of moneymakers and “humblebrag,” an expression of false humility, particularly by celebs on Twitter. This last entry was deemed to be the winner in the “most useful” category.

My favourite category this year was the “most creative” section. Here we sampled “bunga bunga” referring to the sex parties associated with former Italain Prime Minister Sylvio Berlusconi. Its etymology is somewhat murky, however, a German actress claims that “bunga bunga” originated as Berlusconi's nickname for her, and eventually morphed into his term for wild parties with young girls. Another amusing candidate in this category was “Kardash” referring to a unit of measurement of 72 days, a time frame that coincides with the short-term marriage of Kim Kardashian to Kris Humphries. But, the winner in the “most creative” category was “Mellencamp” describing a woman who has aged out of being a cougar. Pop music enthusiasts will discern that the term is named after pop singer John Cougar Mellencamp.

Indeed, eponymous neologisms were popular this year. To “Mubarak” is “to farcically hold on to power,” and if you're “Mubaraked” to your chair it might mean you're stuck in it. Another eponymous term that emerged this year was “Tebowing” lampooning the praying pose of Denver Broncos quarterback Tim Tebow.

Given its geopolitical importance, I was disappointed that the term “Arab Spring,” referring to popular uprisings against dictatorial regimes in the Arab world was not one of the nominees for word of the year. Mind you, it was runner-up in the “most likely to succeed” genre. The winner here was the word “cloud” referencing online space for the large-scale processing and storage of data. Another term in this category that I believe will have legs is “tiger mom” referring to an extremely strict parent. This term derives from Amy Chua's memoir Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother.

Lest you feel that Canada was given short shrift because neither the verb “to Harper” (to cut off debate) or “to McKay” (to use a military helicopter instead of a taxi while on vacation) did not register with American Dialect voters, I am proud to say that the whole impetus for the occupy movement had a Canadian genesis. It was on July 13th , 2011, that the Vancouver-based anti-consumer magazine Adbusters suggested online that people “Occupy Wall Street” in lower Manhattan on Sept 17th , and in a heartbeat the movement went viral and, thanks to the Canucks, the American Dialect Society had its word of the year.





Howard's latest book is Strange Bedfellows: The Private Lives of Words.




























Monday, January 9, 2012

linguistic meshugass

(A version of this article appeared recently in the legal magazine, Lexpert.)


Linguistic mishugass redux



by



Howard Richler



Recently the Journal of Animal Ethics advised us to refer to our pets as companion animals and to remember that as we are also members of the animal kingdom, we should call our animals “non-human” animals; ergo your pet should really be called a companion non-human animal. We are also advised that the term vermin and pest are politically-incorrect as is the expression “stubborn as a mule,” regardless of the recalcitrance level of the ass. This is reminiscent of some of the preposterous terms proposed by the quasi-oppressed in the late 80s, early 90s. For example, in Language, Gender and Politics, authors Francine Wattman Frank and Paula A. Treichler suggested the addition of the word “ovarimony” to our lexicon to reference statements that women give under oath, because of the supposed etymological link between testimony and testes. This neologism was topped by poet's Betsy Warland suggestion thar "dictionary" should be respelled as “dicktionary,” because DWEMs (Dead White European Males) such as lexicographers James Murray and Samuel Johnson exemplified patriarchal thinking that was controlled by the first four letters of the revised spelling.



I will admit, however, that there is a place for sensitivity in one's choice of words. For those people who find terms such as cerebrally-challenged too euphemistic, I remind them that it wasn’t that long ago that words like “cretin” and even “moron” were used in polite society without compunction. Given a choice, I’d rather be oversensitive than not sensitive enough. Increasingly, “ethnic” verbs such as “to welsh” (to avoid payment); “to gyp”(to cheat) and “to jew” (to bargain) are also avoided. Also, because for some people the suffix -ess denotes inferiority (it's difficult to think of a manageress running a Fortune 500 company), I understand why a female thespian would rather be called an actor than an actress.



But where does it end? Some years ago when I wrote A Bawdy Language: How a Second-Rate Language Slept Its Way to the Top, I included a section on word play where one of the chapters was titled “'Definitions depend on how you split 'em” Here, I featured a puzzle I called “Animal Split Definitives” where words were defined by their constituent parts. Hence, “aspire” was defined as “venom” by breaking up the word into “asp” and “ire”; similarly “heathen” was defined as “barbecued chicken” by dividing the word into “heat” and “hen.” One of the “animal” words I included was “hippocampus” that I defined as “'university for fat people” and my editors wanted me to exclude this definition as they felt is was insensitive to the horizontally-challenged. While normally I'm fairly open to editorial suggestions, in this instance I dug in my heels and after great hesitation the editorial board at my publisher caved into my intransigence and left my definition unedited. ( I'm not sure if my calling their objections “fatuous” helped sway them.)




Must we avoid the word niggardly that means stingy or miserly because someone might associate it with the dreaded N word notwithstanding it having no etymological connection to it? If I say that I find a “penal institution (and pronounce the first word “penile”’) to be barbaric,” I’m sure there’s somebody out there who thinks I have cast aspersions on the practice of circumcision. If I use the word “pithy” will someone feel I’m mocking lispers? Must I avoid the word “judicious” when among Jews, “dyspepsia” when among French-Canadians and “nervous titter” when in the company of women? Must everyone, except white Protestants, avoid “waspish comments?”

The mind boggles.




hrichler@gmail.com




Howard Richler's latest book is Strange Bedfellows: The Private Lives of Words.

Tuesday, December 6, 2011

(A version of this article appeared in the Nov/Dec edition of Lexpert under the title 'Twas a Labour of Love')



The greatest story ever translated



                          by



Howard Richler







You can't always be of be of good cheer and not suffer from sour grapes. The stumbling block may be your holier than thou attitude and your feet of clay that won't allow you to either fight the good fight or eat, drink and be merry.



While I'll admit that the above paragraph I concocted does not represent inspired prose, at least it has the distinction of containing italicized phrases that have been immortalized in an English language book that has provided inspiration to billions. Surprisingly, this book is a translation, written by a committee. In case you haven't divined yet the book`s title, I am referring to the King James Version of the Bible (KJB) and 2011 commemorates the 400th anniversary of its release.



King James I commissioned fifty-four Bible scholars for a new version of Scriptures. They were divided into six nine man teams, two at Cambridge, two at Oxford and two at Westminster. The project took seven years to complete and this joint venture created one of the masterpieces of English literature.



The authors believed they because they were translating the word of God; mistranslating anything would be tantamount to heresy. Scholars marvel not only at the accuracy from Greek, Aramaic and Hebrew but also at its lyricism. Its euphony is striking and it is clear that the ruling organ of the prose is the ear. The Bible was meant to be read aloud in churches to the laity and the committee members were conscious that a melodious word flow would attract a larger and more devout following.



A good book must have a snappy beginning and right from the book`s genesis the language is gripping:



In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form , and void and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said Let there be light: and there was light.



The KJB translation team were also able to render down to earth language in a majestic manner. Take the following passage from 1 Corinthians that appeared in William Tyndale`s 16th century Bible:



Now we see in a glass even in a dark speaking but then we shall see face to face.



In the KJB the passage is rendered with greater conciseness and is far grander and clearer: For now we see through a glass darkly; but then face to face.



For those who find the language of the KJB archaic with expressions such as “art in heaven” and its multitudinous goeths and knoweths, I counter that these touches actually add power to the writing and convey the sense that we are not dealing with ephemeral content. Even during the early part of the 17th century when the KJB was being compiled some of the grammar and phraseology were out of date. For example, the expression “yea, verily” had been passé for half a century. This, however, was done deliberately because its authors were aware that word fashions change and they wanted a book dedicated to an eternal God to transcend any particular era.



Although I am an atheist, I recognize that the Bible, and other sacred texts, have brought great solace to many people during life`s inevitable dark moments. In the BBC documentary The Making of the King James Bible, narrator Adam Nicolson speaks to a fisherman whose twenty-four year old son had recently perished off the coast of the Outer Hebrides. When he asked the fisherman how he was coping with the loss he told him that Psalm 77 “expressed everything he could think or feel.” Intrigued, Nicholson read the passage in his KJB: “Will the Lord cast off for ever and will he be favourable no more?” Is his mercy clean gone for ever? doth his promise fall for everyone?... Thy way is in the sea, and thy path in the great waters,​ and thy footsteps are not known.”



It is remarkable that verses penned millennia ago in Hebrew and translated four hundred years ago into English can speak so poignantly to the human heart.



I therefore heartily offer sweet counsel (Psalm 55:14) to read a segment of the King James Bible, even if it represents a mere drop of the bucket of its contents. (Isaiah-40:15)












Howard Richler's latest book is Strange Bedfellows: The Private Lives of Words.

Saturday, November 12, 2011

haboob

Arizona haboobs cause quite the hubbub


November 2011
Not since the debacle some years ago when some Americans suggested renaming French fries “freedom fries” because of France’s lack of support for the invasion of Iraq, have we seen the same level of linguistic jingoistic meshugas. Let me explain.
This summer, Arizona experienced massive dust storms caused by thunderstorms emitting enormous gusts of wind across the desert.
Some local weathermen referred to this phenomenon as a “haboob,” which is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as “A violent and oppressive wind which blows at certain seasons in the Sudan, and which brings with it sand from the desert.”
Haboob derives from the Arabic habub, “blowing furiously.” No apparent controversy there, and yet the use and derivation of haboob prompted several angry letters from Arizonans.
Typical of such was the following to the Arizona Republic: “After living here for 57 years, I have seen an ‘Arizona dust storm’ or two. I am insulted that local TV news crews are now calling this kind of storm a haboob. How do they think our soldiers feel coming back to Arizona and hearing some Middle Eastern term?”
This sentiment was echoed by other irate letters to the editor.
To be consistent, however, there are a number of other words that should be avoided to protect the sensitivities of Arizonans:
Algebra: This word derives from the Arabic al-jebr, which means “the reuniting of broken parts.” When algebra entered the English language, it referred to the setting of broken bones, and sometimes to the fractures themselves.
As late as 1623, we find an OED citation that only refers to algebra as “bone-setting,” but the mathematical sense of the word entered our lexicon in the 16th century and quickly became the dominant sense.
Zero: “Zero” ultimately descends from the Arabic çifr, from which we also get the word “cipher.” Its first citation to denote the number 0 in English occurs in Edward Grimstone’s 1604 translation of José de Acosta’s widely cited Historia natural y moral de las Indias, where he states: “They accompted their weekes by thirteeene day marking the dayes with a Zero or cipher.”
As mathematicians remind us, the invention of nothing (or zero) was one of the more important discoveries in math history.
Alcohol: Cleopatra probably applied an antimony paste to her eyelids called al-kuhl, the al part meaning “the” and the kuhl ending meaning “powdered antimony.”
Arab alchemists (another Arabic word) gave the name al-kuhl to any finely pulverized powder obtained by sublimation and thus to all compounds obtained through the distillation process. The word came into English as “alcool,” referring to any fine powder. Given the Islamic prohibition against drinking alcohol, it is ironic that this word derives from Arabic.
However, it was not until the 19th century that the word alcohol became used exclusively to denote the West’s favourite liquid.
Magazine: This word ultimately derives from the Arabic makh zin, the plural of makhzan, “storehouse.” Its first sense in the OED is “a place where goods are laid up; a storehouse for goods,” and this sense of storing lives on in its ammunition reference: a gun’s magazine as a holder of bullets or cartridges.
Its sense as a periodical emerged almost accidentally in 1731 when the editors of the Gentleman’s Magazine used the word because they said that they intended “to treasure up, as in a Magazine, the most remarkable Pieces.” The term caught on almost immediately to refer to a periodical publication and this became the dominant sense of the word.
So those who feel insulted by the borrowings from Arabic should bear in mind that English didn’t get to be the global language it is today by being pure. Long may it sleep around.
Howard Richler’s latest book is Strange Bedfellows: The Private Lives of Words.

Thursday, October 20, 2011

PUZZLE BONANZA

(I AM POSTING 10 NEW PUZZLES I'VE CONSTRUCTED THAT REPRESENT SAMPLES FROM A BOOK IN PROGRESS. ENJOY, AND PLEASE PROVIDE ME YOUR FEEDBACK).



CELEBRITY LETTER BANKS



The purpose in a letter bank is to create longer words using only the letters that appear in the word. So for example, from “seas” we get “assesses,” “lends” yields “needlessness” and “imps” gives us “Mississippi.” In Celebrity Letter Banks, I will provide the surname of a famous person and from it you are asked to come up with the name of another celebrity, whose surname is comprised of the same letters as the other celebrity, only in this case at least one letter from the first celebrity's surname will be repeated. So for example, if the clue was “Baer” (as in Max Baer or Max Baer Jr.) some possible answers would be “Berra” “Barber” or “Barbee.” Many of the surnames in my quiz will yield more than one answer. See if your answers matches the one or two I’ve provided.



                                  Answers



1)Ambler                     Ballmer

2)Arkin

3)Arnold

4)Arp

5)Asner

6)Asper

7)Baker

8)Bale

9)Barton

10)Bates

11)Beach

12)Begin

13)Bonds

14)Bonet

15)Brel

16)Brison

17)Brunet

18))Bure

19)Byrne

20)Carle

21)Cather

22)Close

23)Conley

24)Craig

25)Crane















































































CORE WORDS



I've called this puzzle Core Words because it features words of four letters or more that represent the heart of the words sought and are only missing the first and last letters of the words. For example, possible answers to the first clue “able” would be “cabled” and “tablet.” All the clue words and the answer words can be found in the Oxford English Dictionary or are recognized place names, trade names, ethnic terms, or surnames of famous people. None of the answers should end in an “s” if it represents a plural.



See if your answers matches the one or two I’ve provided.





Core Word Clue              Answer

1)able                               cabled/tabled

2)ache

3)acre

4)across

5)actor

6)addle

7)agent

8)ague

9)aide

10)akin

11)alee

12)ales

13)alien

14)alone

15)amble

16)amen

17)ampere

18)ample

19)angle

20)anil

21)ankle

22)ante

23)apse

24)aria

25)Aries

26)arouse

27)arrant

28)arty

29)aster

30)aught

































































THREE WORDS IN ONE



In the first puzzle Split Definitives we found two new words by dividing a word at one point in the word. There is another method, however, of finding two new words. Closeted in many words are other smaller words. For example the word “covenant” can be broken up as such, c(oven)ant to produce “cant” and “oven.” In a similar fashion “evaporating” produces “eating” and “vapor.”



Placing one word inside another is one of the types of clues found in cryptic crossword puzzles are often called container word clues. These are actually three clues in one. A part of the clue suggests the container, another part hints at the inside word and the third part is the main definition. An example of such is “A laugh in the heavens is unstable.” (5 letters) The answer here is “shaky” as ”ha” (the inner word) represents the laugh, the “sky” (the outer word) represents heavens and “shaky” is a synonym for “unstable.”



In this first puzzle, you are asked to match the words on the left side with the the words on the right, with the words on the right representing the inner part of the words. To get you started I will tell you that outer word, 1)”aces” combines with inner word l) “hill” to form the word “Achilles.”



Outer Word Inner Word

A

1)aces                      a)abet

2)acted                       b)ante

3)badly                    c)Berlin

4)bard                       d)dime

5)beau                        e)dole

6)bide                             f)ever

7)bred                           g)fort

8)buss                           h)game

9)carry                              i)hill

10)cold                             j)lapse

11)colon                          k)laughter

12)comment                    l)live

13)coming                        m)lucid

14)dies                                n)ouch

15)eating                               o)part

16)fish                                    p)pent

17)forte                                   q)posse

18)lint                                       r)quit

19)pressing                               s)ratio

20)reining                                  t)reason

21)rent                                        u)roads

22)runt                                         v)sine

23)sing                                          w)star

24)stakes                                        x)tuna

25)table                                          y)vest

26)time                                          z)weeps







HIDDEN TRINITIES



Here the puzzler will find clues that feature three words. In each case you must insert three-lettered words, but not at the beginning or end of words. So for example. If the words were “broom, “ “sow” and “shot” you would add the word “all” to create “ballroom,” “sallow” and “shallot.” As the puzzle progresses past the half-way point, you may find that in some clues there might be a word, or even two, not known to every puzzler. All words, however, are found in the Oxford English Dictionary and none of them are designated as obsolete.





1)sped red sing

2)west fed swing

3)bed get bet

4)orgy mate slot

5)per caul pace

6)bag divest lag

7)mow fed bow

8)rear comes grant

9)pry con per

10)loon sled shoo

11)boon scion show

12)unshed cred red

13)late tile price

14)spring pine per

15)less natal fractal

16)wart gola warty

17)coned deer reed

18)fish men lie

19)absent roue say

20)faced facial sage









CRYPTIC HOMONYM PUZZLE

One of the reasons English is such a devilishly difficult language to master is that words can have so many different meaning. Many words have slang meaning totally at odds with the standard sense of the word, but these slang meanings are so entrenched in our language that they are listed in virtually all dictionaries. The champion word with various meanings is “set.” It can be used as an adjective, adverb, noun and verb and there are over 200 different senses to the word. The next most prolific word found in our lexicon is “run.”



To complicate matters even more, words that are spelled the same way can have totally different meanings and be pronounced differently. For example, DOES can mean “performs” or “female deer” and PUSSY can refer to a cat but also to something that is full of pus. And you thought English was an easy language?


On the positive side, words that have double meanings are a staple of cryptic crossword puzzles. Thus, in the May16,2010 New York Times cryptic crossword, the duo of Emily Cox & Henry Rathvon presented us with this clue to a four lettered word : “Blue feathers,” The answer here is “down” as this word can mean both “blue” and “feathers.” To help solvers along in my puzzle, I have arranged the puzzle so that the words get longer as it progresses and all the words of the same length are in alphabetical order. Also, the answer can be found in two parts of the clue and where the clue is more than two letters, the solver has to discern how the clue is divided. For example in the first clue, to arrive at the answer “ace.” the clue should be divided “unreturned service” and “expert,” not “unreturned” and “service expert.” Similarly the clue “reduce psychiatrist” would yield the answer “shrink.” Also, be mindful that a clue word that seems to be a noun, verb, adjective, etc., might be something else. Good luck.





Cryptic homonym clue                          Answer
1)unreturned service expert                            ace
2)express pretentious attitude

3)ban pub



4)fire container

5)hound hound

6)terminate final part

7)strike out afficionado

8)cool body part

90)jelly blockage

10)function Old Testament book

11)recumbent prevarication

12)schlep galoot

13)sink kitchen utensil

14)fight line

15)distinguished blade

16)surreptitiously listen to the faucet

17)cravat deadlock

18)desire Japanese money

19)do up nothing

20)upper limbs weapons

21)chops alliances

22)depend on financial institution
23)tolerate someone expectingbad financial conditions

24)outscore rhythm

25)meat complaint





BEGIN TO END



The answer to each word on the right has the last letter of the answer on the left in front of it. For example, if a clue read as such (instructs - effort) the answers would be “trains” and “strain.” Discern the answers with the clues provided. As an added clue the answers in the left column are all in alphabetical order and have a minimum of five letters.

Answers

1)most competent pool, bridge, e.g ablest-tables

2)stop the mission type of drum

3)snakes more down

4)befuddles riding apparatus

5)sense of dread strong tastes

6)hope rose shrub

7)rate teases

8)strong point French cup

9)German cars Middle Eastern person

10)groups mischievous child

11)fondle frightens

12)studies hard get lost

13)toilets pugilist

14)what a baby does messy handwriting

15)beliefs harangue

16)economizes folds or presses together

17)painful skin areas disdain

18)hang loosely placed obliquely

19)fool evaded

20)soil core









PRECISE RECIPES


This puzzle is called “precise recipes” because it features clues that will yield two words answers where each word is an anagram of each other in the manner that “precise” is an anagram to “recipes.” Hence the answer to Puzzle a) #35, “exacting cooking formulas” is precise recipes (Not seen here in this sample puzzle). As an added clue the puzzle starts with clues where you have to discern short answers and then the answers get progressively longer. Hence the answer to the first clue “viper resort” in Puzzle b) is “asp spa” Aside from the answers getting longer, another clue is that the clues are in alphabetical order based on the length of the answer. So for example, in the case of the clues before and after Puzzle a) #35, the answers sought will contain words seven letters long and they will start with the letter “p” or a letter just before or after “p” in the alphabet. To help you along, I have provided the first answer to all five precise recipes puzzles




a)PRECISE RECIPES-The Good LifeI've entitled this section “The Good Life” because it features many phrases that suggest a life replete with life's luxuries, such as food, beverages, culture and entertainment. As you will see some of the entries in the “good life”are not necessarily so good. The answer to #1 “spring potato” is “May yam.”

ANSWER

1)spring potato May yam

2)make Weight-Watcher adjustment

3)actors in T.S.Eliot-inspired play

4))ritzy boutique

5)gunned down emcee

6)quiet spouse

7)inexpensive fruit

8)bogus Canadian hockey team ?

9)yellowish fruit

10)whiter jewel

11)party poopers?

12)What Simon Cowell likes to see each year

13)recycled movies?

14)advertises strong dark beer

15))wishy-washy movie

16)OPEC’s wine choice?

17)Look for a whiskey after a beer

18)women's Olympic golds

19)dating service?

20)cultured product well past the due date?











































SEMORDNILAP



This puzzle features paired words where each word not only is an anagram for each other but also spells the other word backward. So the answer to the first one “average hip-

hop” is “par rap.” The puzzle is called semordnilap because this made up word spells palindrome backwards and each paired phrase such as “par rap ” is a palindrome. In the next chapter we will look at palindrome puzzles.

Answers



1)average hip-hop par rap

2)bitter hostilities

3)Maria Callas?

4)boring poet

5)publish weekly news magazine

6)early rumbling of volcano

7)notice well-known English school

8)created cheese

9)train fabricator

10)concealed weapons?
11)skewer flying mammals
12)famous rodents
13)where to purchase a streetcar?
14)spring or hold-down bar
15)hospital sweepstakes















PALINDROMES IN PALINDROMES PUZZLES
Puzzle 1Readers are asked to uncover the following palindromes with the aid of the clues provided. Remember that in palindromes the placement of a letter usually tells one where other letters are placed. So for the second clue that means that the fourth letter from the end will also be an “r.” Also if the clue features a plural, there’s a good chance that an “s” will appear at the then of at least one word. When this first puzzle is completed, the third letters of the phrases will spell out a question that George W. Bush may have asked himself while attending Yale.

1)Support a taxi _ _ _ k _ _ _
2-Laconic snares _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3)Former Cambodian leader _ _ _ _ _ _
4)Keen operatic star _ _ _ d _ _ _ _
5)Break bridges s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6)Free Indian guitar s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7)Bare-headed _ _ _ a _ _ t _ _
8)Less than 2000 lbs. _ _ _ _ _ _ n
9)Simple French mineral water _ _ _ v _ _ _ _ _ _
10)Harshly enclose pets s _ _ _ _ _ a_ _ _ _ _ _
11)Bamboo eater slept _ _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12))Holy Grail of Pro Hockey _ u _ _ _ _ _






















WORD QUIZZES



AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY & PRESIDENTS PUZZLE
1)What is the only letter that doesn’t appear in any of the 50 United States?

2)What American state is an anagram for “forlaid?”

3)What American state is an anagram of “nominates?”
4)What American city is an anagram of “diagnose?”
5)What do these words have in common? “caption,” “dottier,” “meals,” “scrape”
6)What do the words “foregone” and “remained” have in common?
7)What do these words and phrases have in common? “balaustine,” “over and over,” “renovation,” “vagary”
8)What American state can be made only from the letters found in “imps”?
9)What American state can be made only from the letters found in “lions”?
10)What American state can be made only from the letters found in “ranks”?)Bamboo eater slept _ _ _ d _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12))Holy Grail of Pro Hockey _ u _ _ _ _ _






WORLD GEOGRAPHY PUZZLE1)What is the only country named for its geographical position ?
2)What city in Africa is an anagram for “goals?”

3)What country is an anagram of “lizard newts?”
4)What country is an anagram of “lenient ethics?”
5)What country is an anagram of “prison age?”

6)What country is an anagram of “mistaken runt?”

7)What country is an anagram of “Ghana faints?”

8)What country is an anagram of “ones’ India?”

9)What country is an anagram of “led Iran?”

10)What do the following places have in common? : “Belarus,” “Iraq,” “Malawi,” “United Arab Emirates”





FIND THE COMMONALITY

All the following lists of words share a common thread. Name it.


1)appeasement,arpeggio,bedchamber, fortunately
2)aching,attribution,deliverance,monoselenide
3)Dixielander, interregnum, scowlingly, transmigration, unscathed
4)bra, cab, flu, pants, piano
5)bikini, denim, donnybrook, jeans, millinery
6)blackmailed, gimmick, headache, kickback milkmaid
7)polka, song, spoonfeed, wrong, zoned
8)abhors, almost, biopsy, chimps, ghost
9)ambidextrously, Falconbridge, Schwarzkopf, troublemaking, uncopyrightable
10)jumbo shrimp, military intelligence, pretty ugly







MISCELLANEOUS LANGUAGE QUIZZES1)What word yields the most points in Scrabble that doesn’t contain an a, e, i o, or u?
2)Name a brand of beer whose letters are only worth one point in Scrabble?
3)Name a nine letter word with only one vowel?
4)Name a word with three consecutive letter pairs?
5)Which entertainer’s last name is the past tense of a synonym for his first name?
6)What do the products Dial, Serutan, Tide and Tums have in common?
7)Name a 7 letter word with none of the regular 5 vowels.

8)Name a word of at least 5 letters that is a palindrome?
9)The number “ten” has three letters. What’s the only number that has the same number of letters as the number?
10)In the word “begin” all the letters appear in alphabetical order. Name the only number where the letters appear in alphabetical order.







ALPHABET PUZZLE



There are more than one answer to most of these questions. I will only list one in the answers.)

A)Name a word of at least 6 letters that starts with an
a and ends in an a?
B)Name a word of at least 5 letters that starts with a
b and ends with a b?
C)Name a word of at least 6 letters that starts with a
c and ends with a c?
D)Name a word of at least 10 letters that starts with a
d and ends with a d?
E)Name a word with at least 4
Es?
F)Name a word with 4
Fs?
G)Name a word of at least 8 letters that starts with a
g and ends with a g?
H)Name a word with 2 consecutive
Hs?
I)Name a word with 3
Is?
J)Name a word with 2
Js?